GATE, PSUs preparation- Soil Engineering ( notes)- Part 10

Hello there,
Welcome to the part 10 of the one liner notes useful for the preparation of GATE and other similar examinations.

• Allowable bearing pressure is the net loading intensity at which neither soil fails in shear nor is there any excessive settlement.
• Ultimate bearing capacity is the minimum gross pressure intensity at the base of foundation at which soil fails in shear.
• Net safe bearing capacity is defined as the net ultimate bearing capacity divided by factor of safety.
• Safe bearing capacity is the maximum pressure which soil can carry safely without risk of shear failure.
• The concept of useful width is used to determine ultimate bearing capacity of an eccentrically loaded square footing.
• Pressure distribution in pure clayey soil subjected to a uniformly distributed load(udl) through a rigid footing  is parabolic with minimum at the center and maximum at the outer edges, but it becomes maximum at the center and minimum at the edges when udl is transmitted through rigid footing placed on the surface of a cohesion less soil.
• The ultimate bearing capacity of a pile is given by (9.Cu.Ab + a.Cu1.As), where 'Cu' is the given cohesion, 'Cu1' is the average coheasion and 'a' is adhesion factor given by Cu1/2. 
• The upstream slope of an earth dam under steady seepage condition is equipotential line.
• In tri-axial test intermediate and minor principal stresses are equal, volume changes can be measured and field conditions can be stimulated.
• Active earth pressure occurs when wall moves away from backfill, passive earth pressure occurs when wall moves towards the back-fill and earth pressure at rest occurs when the wall is at rest.

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